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Psychology
Socio-Political Psychology Report

Socio-Political Psychology Report

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Course Code: PSY20016
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Introduction
CONCLUSION

Question :

This assessment will cover following questions:

How concept of money guide people to respond in a self- interested manner.
Demonstrate research exploring the role of political orientation in self-interested behaviour.
Examine the different theoretical accounts of the priming effect.
Critically review Vohs et al.’s work on money priming and its effect on self-interested behaviour.

Answer :

Introduction

Describe the context of the research in terms of money priming, political orientation and self-interested behaviours.

Money is utilised for exchange in regards to free market cues which helps to allow various exchanges to be happened along with justifying them (Amabile, 2018). It is being analysed that money primes are responsible for boosting up the social dominance, trust in just world, ideology of free market and justification of system. However, there are number of factors which has a contribution in terms of influencing the entire impact of prime including motivation significance of prime, ease through which primed content come in mind, an ambiguity of situation outputs and specific meaning of the prime. In addition to this, it had been analysed that individuals reminded of money which are observed to be less attuned interpersonally as compared to the neutral primes. Meanwhile, these are not considering of remaining caring, warm or pro social accordingly (Inbar and Lammers, 2012). The other aspects related to money is that people focus on using it into their profession, business and work due to having that mentality which helps to gain return from the same. Moreover, it has been evaluated that about supporting the thought about money primes in order to concentrate on economics, business ideals and trades (Corrigan and Penn, 2015).

Altruism refers to an action for improving other's well-being at risk and cost of ourselves. It includes the behaviour of concerning in regards to benefits of other people by putting self-efforts without any desire of own benefits. However, it is observed that individuals behave in altruistic ways when they see another people in desperate situations or feel empathy and a desire of help them. Money is also responsible for influencing political orientation which depend upon the subjective socio economic status of an individual. At the other hand, money priming influence self-interest when a person think about their own advantages and profits. They focus on their own interested choices and preferences for completing their needs by shifting money respectively (Tedeschi, 2013).

Discuss the finding that priming people with the concept of money.

Considering the concept of self-interested regarding money priming, it has been analysed that it is responsible for creating the thought that what an individual want in their personal life. It includes the development of self-interests aspects which focussed by a person to gain their self requirements (Pearce, 2013). Meanwhile, self-interest concept create the hypothesis of self-sufficiency which can be described as an emphasised behaviours through that an individual select their desires to be completed by money priming by avoiding involvement of another people. It has been analysed that such self interest citizens do not like to involve others or feel hesitate to consider others in their self activities. In addition to this, it is observed that people with having self sufficient condition of their mind to be remained concentrated towards agentic targets to pursue along with reducing the focus on internal likes or empathetic reactions of them through being reminded of money. Moreover, it has been identified that if a person focus on their self interest and become more individualistically oriented then it is responsible for affecting their social relations in negative way which is consistent with the self sufficiency hypothesis. Furthermore, the development of self orientation reduce the altruistic behaviour of an individual and desire to help others (Amabile and Pillemer, 2012).

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Discuss the different theoretical accounts of the priming effect.

The money priming impact on mind of set of people which activates the thoughts exchanging orientation which is responsible for harming pro social responses and social relations (Van Stekelenburg and Klandermans, 2013). An individual become self interested by the influence of money prime which impact negatively on their relations and develop own desire to be fulfilled by shifting money. However the priming effect in relation to political orientation impact on their decision making which harms population accordingly. It is observed that political orientation can be positive because money prime in politics is supportive as it can be used to help close ones and other other individuals for their welfare. Moreover, the factor of altruism can be strengthen with the money prime effect as it is much sufficient to put efforts for welfare of other people. Furthermore, an individual become more individualistic where they initially think about their own desires as compared to others which seems to be quite negative in regards to other people (Bull. and Rumsey, 2012).

Describe research examining the role of political orientation in self-interested behaviour

The political orientation consist the proper understanding about left and right wing attitude of people because of their own explanatory power established by influence of personality factors. It is observed that political power an individual can develop personal desires of an individual and they give preference to it which affect negatively to other people (Pennebaker, Rim and Paez, 2013).

State the aim(s), research questions and hypotheses of the study.

First Hypothesis

(M money prime (exposure to money and no exposure to money) is taken as independent variable and the proportion of taxes allocated to charity donations is taken as dependent variable)

Group Statistics
	Money condition (high vs. low)	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Low Money	56	6.4786	3.20197	.42788
	High Money	54	5.0926	2.91398	.39654

Independent Samples Test
		Levene's Test for Equality of Variances		t-test for Equality of Means
		F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
									Lower	Upper
What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Equal variances assumed	3.268	.073	2.372	108	.019	1.38598	.58438	.22763	2.54433
	Equal variances not assumed			2.376	107.645	.019	1.38598	.58338	.22958	2.54238

Second Hypothesis

Political orientation will be the independent variable and proportion of taxes allocated to charity donations will be the dependent variable

Group Statistics
	Where do you see yourself politically on a scale of Left (liberal) to Right (conservative)?	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Right	59	6.1831	3.11980	.40616
	Left	51	5.3529	3.10923	.43538

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Independent Samples Test
		Levene's Test for Equality of Variances		t-test for Equality of Means
		F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
									Lower	Upper
What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Equal variances assumed	.356	.552	1.394	108	.166	.83011	.59557	-.35041	2.01063
	Equal variances not assumed			1.394	105.811	.166	.83011	.59542	-.35039	2.01061

Third hypothesis

Condition with Tax

Group Statistics
Where do you see yourself politically on a scale of Left (liberal) to Right (conservative)?		Money condition (high vs. low)	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
Right	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Low Money	34	6.9147	3.08025	.52826
Right		High Money	25	5.1880	2.94722	.58944
Left	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Low Money	22	5.8045	3.34044	.71218
Left		High Money	29	5.0103	2.93469	.54496

Independent Samples Test
Where do you see yourself politically on a scale of Left (liberal) to Right (conservative)?			Levene's Test for Equality of Variances		t-test for Equality of Means
			F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
			F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	Lower	Upper
Right	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Equal variances assumed	.956	.332	2.167	57	.034	1.72671	.79696	.13083	3.32259
Right		Equal variances not assumed			2.182	53.115	.034	1.72671	.79152	.13920	3.31421
Left	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Equal variances assumed	1.733	.194	.902	49	.372	.79420	.88073	-.97569	2.56409
Left		Equal variances not assumed			.886	41.994	.381	.79420	.89676	-1.01555	2.60395

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Left and right with Tax

Group Statistics
Money condition (high vs. low)		Where do you see yourself politically on a scale of Left (liberal) to Right (conservative)?	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
Low Money	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Right	34	6.9147	3.08025	.52826
Low Money		Left	22	5.8045	3.34044	.71218
High Money	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Right	25	5.1880	2.94722	.58944
High Money		Left	29	5.0103	2.93469	.54496

Independent Samples Test
Money condition (high vs. low)			Levene's Test for Equality of Variances		t-test for Equality of Means
			F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
			F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	Lower	Upper
Low Money	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Equal variances assumed	.042	.839	1.274	54	.208	1.11016	.87119	-.63646	2.85679
Low Money		Equal variances not assumed			1.252	42.314	.217	1.11016	.88672	-.67891	2.89923
High Money	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	Equal variances assumed	.162	.689	.221	52	.826	.17766	.80250	-1.43268	1.78799
High Money		Equal variances not assumed			.221	50.769	.826	.17766	.80276	-1.43413	1.78944

Group Statistics
In the text you hopefully just read, which is true:		Where do you see yourself politically on a scale of Left (liberal) to Right (conservative)?	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
The author came from a very affluent family	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Right	34	64.74	12.226	2.097
The author came from a very affluent family	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Left	22	68.50	12.648	2.697
The author came from a family that didn't have much money	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Right	25	66.12	15.530	3.106
The author came from a family that didn't have much money	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Left	29	69.79	11.191	2.078

Independent Samples Test
In the text you hopefully just read, which is true:			Levene's Test for Equality of Variances		t-test for Equality of Means
			F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
			F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	Lower	Upper
The author came from a very affluent family	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances assumed	.004	.950	-1.110	54	.272	-3.765	3.391	-10.562	3.033
The author came from a very affluent family	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances not assumed			-1.102	43.865	.276	-3.765	3.416	-10.649	3.120
The author came from a family that didn't have much money	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances assumed	1.544	.220	-1.007	52	.319	-3.673	3.649	-10.995	3.649
The author came from a family that didn't have much money	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances not assumed			-.983	42.923	.331	-3.673	3.737	-11.210	3.864

One-Sample Statistics
Where do you see yourself politically on a scale of Left (liberal) to Right (conservative)?		N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
Right	Money condition (high vs. low)	59	1.42	.498	.065
Right	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	59	6.1831	3.11980	.40616
Left	Money condition (high vs. low)	51	1.57	.500	.070
Left	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	51	5.3529	3.10923	.43538

One-Sample Test
Where do you see yourself politically on a scale of Left (liberal) to Right (conservative)?		Test Value = 0
		t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	90% Confidence Interval of the Difference
		t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Lower	Upper
Right	Money condition (high vs. low)	21.942	58	.000	1.424	1.32	1.53
Right	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	15.223	58	.000	6.18305	5.5041	6.8620
Left	Money condition (high vs. low)	22.396	50	.000	1.569	1.45	1.69
Left	What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	12.295	50	.000	5.35294	4.6233	6.0826

One-Sample Statistics
	N	Mean	Std. Deviation	Std. Error Mean
What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	110	5.7982	3.12835	.29828
Where do you see yourself politically on a scale of Left (liberal) to Right (conservative)?	110	1.46	.501	.048

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One-Sample Test
	Test Value = 0
	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	90% Confidence Interval of the Difference
					Lower	Upper
What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?	19.439	109	.000	5.79818	5.3034	6.2930
Where do you see yourself politically on a scale of Left (liberal) to Right (conservative)?	30.643	109	.000	1.464	1.38	1.54

Independent Samples Test^a
What percentage (if any) would you personally consider allocating to your chosen charity?			Levene's Test for Equality of Variances		t-test for Equality of Means
			F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	95% Confidence Interval of the Difference
			F	Sig.	t	df	Sig. (2-tailed)	Mean Difference	Std. Error Difference	Lower	Upper
.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances assumed	8.897	.031	.551	5	.605	7.600	13.784	-27.834	43.034
.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances not assumed			.353	1.110	.780	7.600	21.558	-209.874	225.074
1.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances assumed	.	.	.115	1	.927	.500	4.330	-54.519	55.519
1.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances not assumed			.	.	.	.500	.	.	.
2.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances assumed	.	.	-12.124	1	.052	-10.500	.866	-21.504	.504
2.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances not assumed			.	.	.	-10.500	.	.	.
4.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances assumed	.	.	.750	2	.531	6.000	8.000	-28.421	40.421
4.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances not assumed			.	.	.	6.000	.	.	.
5.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances assumed	.026	.873	.862	28	.396	4.800	5.565	-6.600	16.200
5.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances not assumed			.902	20.397	.378	4.800	5.322	-6.288	15.888
7.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances assumed	6.533	.063	.873	4	.432	6.250	7.158	-13.623	26.123
7.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances not assumed			.902	2.257	.453	6.250	6.927	-20.524	33.024
8.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances assumed	.	.	-3.269	3	.047	-27.250	8.335	-53.777	-.723
8.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances not assumed			.	.	.	-27.250	.	.	.
10.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances assumed	1.763	.198	-.044	22	.965	-.263	5.956	-12.616	12.090
10.00	Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding Short Form	Equal variances not assumed			-.037	5.248	.972	-.263	7.084	-18.216	17.690

CONCLUSION

It involves the background of current theories stating that this is the responsibility of dispositional individualism to perform a notable role in the future of political leaning. It was analysed that the presumption created was about individualism because it has an important role.

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